PostgreSQL must produce audit records containing sufficient information to establish what type of events occurred.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-214138	PGS9-00-010400	SV-214138r508027_rule		Medium

Description
Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without establishing what type of event occurred, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this policy includes, for example, time stamps, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, filenames involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Associating event types with detected events in the application and audit logs provides a means of investigating an attack; recognizing resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or identifying an improperly configured application. Database software is capable of a range of actions on data stored within the database. It is important, for accurate forensic analysis, to know exactly what actions were performed. This requires specific information regarding the event type an audit record is referring to. If event type information is not recorded and stored with the audit record, the record itself is of very limited use.

Description

Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Without establishing what type of event occurred, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this policy includes, for example, time stamps, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, filenames involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Associating event types with detected events in the application and audit logs provides a means of investigating an attack; recognizing resource utilization or capacity thresholds; or identifying an improperly configured application. Database software is capable of a range of actions on data stored within the database. It is important, for accurate forensic analysis, to know exactly what actions were performed. This requires specific information regarding the event type an audit record is referring to. If event type information is not recorded and stored with the audit record, the record itself is of very limited use.

STIG	Date
PostgreSQL 9.x Security Technical Implementation Guide	2022-06-13

Details

Check Text ( C-15354r361045_chk )
As the database administrator (shown here as "postgres"), verify the current log_line_prefix setting in postgresql.conf: $ sudo su - postgres $ psql -c "SHOW log_line_prefix" Verify that the current settings are appropriate for the organization. The following is what is possible for logged information: # %a = application name # %u = user name # %d = database name # %r = remote host and port # %h = remote host # %p = process ID # %t = timestamp without milliseconds # %m = timestamp with milliseconds # %i = command tag # %e = SQL state # %c = session ID # %l = session line number # %s = session start timestamp # %v = virtual transaction ID # %x = transaction ID (0 if none) # %q = stop here in non-session # processes If the audit record does not log events required by the organization, this is a finding. Next, verify the current settings of log_connections and log_disconnections by running the following SQL: $ psql -c "SHOW log_connections" $ psql -c "SHOW log_disconnections" If both settings are off, this is a finding.

Check Text ( C-15354r361045_chk )

As the database administrator (shown here as "postgres"), verify the current log_line_prefix setting in postgresql.conf:

$ sudo su - postgres
$ psql -c "SHOW log_line_prefix"

Verify that the current settings are appropriate for the organization.

The following is what is possible for logged information:

# %a = application name
# %u = user name
# %d = database name
# %r = remote host and port
# %h = remote host
# %p = process ID
# %t = timestamp without milliseconds
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
# %i = command tag
# %e = SQL state
# %c = session ID
# %l = session line number
# %s = session start timestamp
# %v = virtual transaction ID
# %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
# %q = stop here in non-session
# processes

If the audit record does not log events required by the organization, this is a finding.

Next, verify the current settings of log_connections and log_disconnections by running the following SQL:

$ psql -c "SHOW log_connections"
$ psql -c "SHOW log_disconnections"

If both settings are off, this is a finding.

Fix Text (F-15352r361046_fix)
Note: The following instructions use the PGDATA and PGVER environment variables. See supplementary content APPENDIX-F for instructions on configuring PGDATA and APPENDIX-H for PGVER. To ensure that logging is enabled, review supplementary content APPENDIX-C for instructions on enabling logging. If logging is enabled the following configurations must be made to log connections, date/time, username and session identifier. First, edit the postgresql.conf file as a privileged user: $ sudo su - postgres $ vi ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf Edit the following parameters based on the organization's needs (minimum requirements are as follows): log_connections = on log_disconnections = on log_line_prefix = '< %m %u %d %c: >' Now, as the system administrator, reload the server with the new configuration: # SYSTEMD SERVER ONLY $ sudo systemctl reload postgresql-${PGVER?} # INITD SERVER ONLY $ sudo service postgresql-${PGVER?} reload

Fix Text (F-15352r361046_fix)

Note: The following instructions use the PGDATA and PGVER environment variables. See supplementary content APPENDIX-F for instructions on configuring PGDATA and APPENDIX-H for PGVER.

To ensure that logging is enabled, review supplementary content APPENDIX-C for instructions on enabling logging.

If logging is enabled the following configurations must be made to log connections, date/time, username and session identifier.

First, edit the postgresql.conf file as a privileged user:

$ sudo su - postgres
$ vi ${PGDATA?}/postgresql.conf

Edit the following parameters based on the organization's needs (minimum requirements are as follows):

log_connections = on
log_disconnections = on
log_line_prefix = '< %m %u %d %c: >'

Now, as the system administrator, reload the server with the new configuration:

# SYSTEMD SERVER ONLY
$ sudo systemctl reload postgresql-${PGVER?}

# INITD SERVER ONLY
$ sudo service postgresql-${PGVER?} reload